With the wide application of internal fixation technology, the quantity and quality of posterior lumbar fusion surgery are growing year by year. However, revision surgery may be needed for recurrence of symptoms due to selection of improper surgical protocols, surgical errors, complications related to internal fixation, degeneration of adjacent segments, and other factors. The main purpose of revision surgery for posterior lumbar internal fixation is to relieve nerve compression and reconstruct the stability of lumbar spine. Exploring the causes for revision of lumbar internal fixation, and then formulating corresponding surgical treatment strategies and correctly dealing with surgical related complications will help to improve the surgical efficacy.