Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of retroperitoneal robotic single-port partial nephrectomy and partial adrenalectomy. Methods From Nov. 2021 to Feb. 2022, doctors in The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University completed 7 cases of retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy and partial adrenalectomy with a domestic single-port robotic surgical system, including 4 cases of partial adrenalectomy and 3 cases of partial nephrectomy. The maximal tumor diameter, surgical approach, operation time, estimated blood loss, incision number, incision size, perioperative complications and pathological diagnosis were recorded in all patients. The serum creatinine before operation and discharge, warm ischemia time, and surgical margin were recorded in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy. Results All surgeries were carried out through retroperitoneal approach. Four patients underwent partial adrenalectomy. Three tumors were located on the right side and 1 on the left. The maximal tumor diameter was 1.2-3.3 cm. All 4 cases were pure single-port surgery, and the incision diameter was 3.0-4.5 cm. The operation time was 50-96 min, the amount of intraoperative bleeding was 10-50 mL, and there were no obvious complications during the perioperative period. Three patients underwent partial nephrectomy, and their preoperative serum creatinine were 77, 43, and 108 μmol/L, respectively. All 3 tumors were located on the right side, with a maximal diameter of 1.9-2.7 cm. The R.E.N.A.L. scores were 5P, 4X, and 4P, respectively. Pure single-port operation was applied in 2 cases, the incision was 4.5 and 4.0 cm, respectively. A 12-mm auxiliary trocar was placed in 1 case. The operation time was 52-150 min, the intraoperative bleeding was 10-50 mL, and the warm ischemia time was 22-30 min. There were 2 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma diagnosed by pathology after operation, and surgical margins were negative; there was 1 case of angiomyolipoma. There were no complications such as bleeding, urinary leakage or fever during the perioperative period. The serum creatinine before discharge was 99, 50, and 93 μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion Retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy and partial adrenalectomy can be carried out safely and effectively with this domestic single-port robotic surgical system.