Objective To investigate the improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and analyze the influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of LC patients in Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Jan. 2020 to Dec. 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were older than 18 years, and those with malignant tumors were excluded. The general information (including course of disease, underlying diseases, previous surgical history, and preoperative examination), surgical-related data (including conversion to laparotomy, biliary tract injury, and whether to place an abdominal drain), and postoperative complications (including bile leakage, hemorrhage, abdominal infection, incision infection, and side injury) of patients were collected. All the patients were followed up for 6 months and investigated with the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). Results Among the 173 patients, 84 (48.55%) were males and 89 (51.45%) were females, with an average age of (54.12±13.38) years. The median time of onset was 6.00 (1.75, 24.00) months. The median total score of GSRS after operation was 0 (0, 1), which was significantly lower than that before operation (3 ［0, 5］) (P＜0.01). One hundred and ten (63.85%) cases complained of abdominal pain before operation and it decreased to 16 (9.25%) cases after operation (P＜0.01). Twelve (6.94%) cases presented heartburn and acid regurgitation before operation and 6 (3.47%) cases after operation (P＜0.05). There were 38 (21.97%) cases of nausea and vomiting before operation and 2 (1.16%) cases after operation (P＜0.01). Upper abdominal discomfort occurred in 35 (20.23%) cases before operation and 1 (0.58%) case after operation (P＜0.01). Abdominal distension was found in 41 (23.70%) cases before operation and 11 (6.36%) cases after operation (P＜0.01). Postoperative diarrhea occurred in 26 (15.03%) cases, with an increase of 14 cases (P＜0.01). Conclusion The gastrointestinal symptoms of patients after LC are significantly improved. The GSRS score can be used to comprehensively and intuitively analyze the changes of the above symptoms before and after the operation. The reasons for the persistent abdominal pain and diarrhea of patients after surgery need to be further analyzed with a large sample.