With the rapid development of industry and transportation, the incidence of trauma is increasing year by year, and trauma has become the leading cause of death among population aged 1-45 years. Chest trauma is a significant cause of mortality, being responsible for 25% of trauma-related deaths, only next to craniocerebral injury. Severe chest trauma (SCT) refers to the severe injury of chest wall and important internal organs caused by various factors such as violent trauma, resulting in respiratory and circulatory dysfunction. In recent years, new technologies and concepts, such as artificial intelligence, damage control surgery, and video-assisted thoraoscopic surgery, are progressing with each passing day, greatly enriching the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chest trauma. Considering the current focus of clinical diagnosis and treatment of chest trauma, this paper expounds new changes and challenges brought by new technologies and concepts for the diagnosis and treatment of chest trauma, hoping to provide reference and suggestions for the clinical treatment of SCT, so as to improve the treatment rate and survival rate of patients.