Objective To study the differences in contrast vision of subjects with different visions under different simulated flight luminous environments, so as to provide experimental basis for flight safety. Methods Twenty-four subjects were recruited and divided into 1.0/1.0, 0.8/0.8, 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4 (decimal vision) groups by measuring binocular vision, with 6 subjects in each group. Each subject was tested for 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 10% contrast visions in simulated luminous environments of sunlight, facing light, backlight, twilight and on-cloud light. Using a 3-factor design analysis of variance with 2 repeated measurement factors, we compared the effects of different luminous environments on the contrast vision of people with different visions. Results There were interactions among the 3 factors (luminous environment, vision, and contrast) (P<0.05). A further 2-factor interaction test showed that there were interactions between luminous environment and vision and between contrast and vision (both P<0.01), but there was no interaction between luminous environment and contrast (P>0.05). At the same contrast, compared with the sunlight environment, the contrast vision of twilight and on-cloud light was decreased in each vision group (all P<0.05). For 80%, 60% and 40% contrast, the contrast visions of the 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4 groups in the facing light environment were lower than those in the sunlight environment (all P<0.05). For the contrast of 20% and 10%, the contrast vision of each vision group in the facing light environment was worse than that in the sunlight environment (all P<0.05). Compared with the 1.0/1.0 group for the same contrast, the contrast visions of the 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4 groups were decreased in the 5 simulated luminous environments (all P<0.05). For 20% and 10% contrast, the contrast visions of the 0.8/0.8 group were lower than those of the 1.0/1.0 group in sunlight, facing light, twilight and on-cloud light (all P<0.05). For the same light environment and contrast, the contrast vision of the 0.4/0.4 group was worse than those of the other vision groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion The effects of the luminous environment, contrast and vision on contrast visual acuity interact with each other. When myopic flight personnel observe low-contrast targets in unfavorable luminous environments (such as facing light, on-cloud light, and twilight), their contrast vision is severely decreased, posing a potential threat to flight safety. Attention should be paid to the contrast vision examination of myopic flight personnel.