Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers,with rising morbidity and mortality in recent years.With the rapid development of tumor immunology,immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has brought a new dawn for the treatment of HCC.ICIs targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 have shown good efficacy and safety in clinical trials of HCC-related therapies.However,different treatment regimens also have their own limitations.This review introduces the current research progress of ICIs in the treatment of HCC and outlines the challenges in the clinical treatment.