In modern warfare, combat stress reaction (CSR) is a prominent problem for non-combat attrition, which even has evolved into a means of psychological warfare by the enemy. Due to constant update of combat mode and strategic tactics, training of daily psychological resilience and adjustment skills, psychological assessment and intervention in war time, and prevention and treatment of severe post-war mental disorders all need long-term research. This paper reviews the concept, classification and risk factors of CSR, sets up a basic framework of CSR intervention (including “battle mobilization-battlefield treatment-post-war intervention”) and key points of brief psychological first aid assessment for CSR personnel in war time based on the principles of PIE (proximity, immediacy, expectancy) and characteristics of our military health services and rescue skills, and puts forward further detailed coping strategies and technical research directions, with a view to promote the early prevention, scientific classification, early intervention and comprehensive rehabilitation of CSR, so as to provide new ideas and methods for our battlefield treatment.