Training a large number of qualified general practitioners and promoting the hierarchical medical system are key measures to deepen the reform of the medical and health system and implement the “Healthy China Strategy”. After more than 30 years of development, China’s general practice has made significant progress in the cultivation of a talent team, the establishment of a training system, the exploration of service models, and the cultivation of scientific research. However, China’s general practice started late and has a poor foundation. At present, it still faces challenges: quantity and quality of talents need to be improved, the teaching staff and training mode need to be optimized, the hierarchical medical system is not fully implemented, the application channels of research projects are not smooth, and the career attraction is low. Multiple measures should be taken to improve the quantity and quality of general practitioners, to guide the public opinion on seeking medical treatment, to set up more specific funds of general practice to expand the scientific research of general practice, and to reform the incentive and promotion mechanism to enhance the career attraction, so as to promote the sustainable development of general practice.