Hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds have excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, osteogenic activity, and sustained release function. With them as cell growth factors, cell and drug carriers for bone repair have become one of the research foci in bone tissue engineering. This article mainly reviews the research progress of hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds loaded with cell growth factors, cells, and drugs in the treatment of bone injuries or defects in recent years.