Objective To explore the relationship among the mental health status and ease of excitation, mental resilience and coping tendency of officers and soldiers in a certain naval unit, and to elucidate the possible mechanisms by which ease of excitation affects mental health. Methods The self-reporting questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), connor-davidson resilience scale, highly sensitive person scale (HSP-10), and simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to survey 1 870 officers and soldiers of a certain naval unit. Spearman correlation method was used to verify the correlations between variables, multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to predict the effects of ease of excitation, mental resilience and coping tendencies on mental health status, and a structural equation model was constructed to explore the mediating roles of mental resilience and coping style between ease of excitation and mental health status. Results The score of SRQ-20 was 1 (0, 5), and the positive rate was 21.2% (395/1 865). Correlation analysis showed that mental health status of officers and soldiers was positively correlated with ease of excitation (P＜0.01), and was negatively correlated with the aesthetic sensitivity, mental resilience, and coping tendency (all P＜0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that ease of excitation, mental resilience, and coping tendency had predictive effects on mental health, and mental resilience and coping tendency played partial chain mediating roles between ease of excitation and mental health. Conclusion The ease of excitation of officers and soldiers in the certain naval unit can directly predict their mental health status, and the independent and chain mediating effects of mental resilience and coping tendency can also indirectly predict their mental health status.