Objective To study the dynamic changes of astrocytes in brain tissue after ischemic stroke (IS) by single cell sequencing technology, so as to better understand the role of astrocytes in the development and progression of IS. Methods The sequencing data of IS mouse brain tissue (GSE227651) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method was used for data integration. Different cell subsets were obtained by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) dimensionality reduction and cluster analysis, and different cell subsets were annotated by SingleR package. Further, different astrocyte subsets were obtained by tSNE dimensionality reduction and cluster analysis, and the number change and functional status of different astrocyte subsets were analyzed. Monocle package was used to analyze the developmental stages of different astrocyte subsets. Dynamic analysis of ligand-receptor interactions between astrocytes and other cell subsets was performed using CellChat package. Results The sequencing data of GSE227651 were downloaded and the mouse brain cells were grouped into 19 cell subsets and annotated into 16 different cell types after integrated cluster analysis. The astrocytes were further divided into 6 astrocyte subsets by cluster analysis. Compared with the healthy control, the number of subsets 0 and 3 decreased on the 1^st day after IS, but gradually increased on the 3^rd and 7^th day after IS; the number of subsets 2 and 5 increased on the 1^st day after IS, and gradually decreased on the 3^rd and 7^th day after IS; subsets 1 and 4 had little change at different time points after IS. Based on functional analysis, astrocyte subsets 2 and 5 were defined as reactive astrocytes, subsets 0 and 3 were defined as reparative astrocytes, and subsets 1 and 4 were defined as resting astrocytes. According to the results of pseudotime analysis, astrocyte subset 2 was further defined as acute reactive astrocytes, and subset 0 was defined as reparative astrocytes after ischemic injury. The analysis of cell ligand-receptor interactions showed that the ligand-receptor interactions between astrocytes and astrocytes, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, epithelial cells and neurons changed dynamically with time, and the inflammatory response was mediated mainly by establishing association with NK cells on the 1^st day after IS. The recovery of neurovascular function was mediated by the connection with endothelial cells and neurons from the 3^rd day of IS. Conclusion The functional status of astrocytes changes dynamically with time after IS. In the early period after IS, acute reactive astrocytes may mediate the acute inflammatory response after injury, while from the 3^rd day after IS, reparative astrocytes may participate in the functional reconstruction of brain tissue after injury.