Rehabilitation robot is a kind of device that combines robot technology with medical technology and is designed to assist rehabilitation training of individuals with impaired motor functions. It is widely used in the rehabilitation treatment of stroke, spinal cord injury, and other diseases. This paper summarizes the classification of rehabilitation robots from the clinical perspective, and analyzes the clinical application of rehabilitation robots in recent years. Currently, rehabilitation robots have shown promising outcomes in the fields of stroke and spinal cord injury, and their integration and innovation with various technologies have significantly enhanced their efficiency and precision. In the evolving landscape dominated by clinical research, patients, rehabilitation therapists, engineers, and physicians all play pivotal roles. The application and promotion of rehabilitation robots in clinical practice still face many challenges, but also have great development potential.