Objective To investigate the risk factors of unexpected postoperative hypothermia (UPH) in patients undergoing da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for pancreatic cancer, construct a risk prediction model, and evaluate its prediction efficacy. Methods Patients who received da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic radical surgery for pancreatic cancer in The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Dec. 2020 to Dec. 2021 were enrolled. According to the development of UPH, the patients were divided into UPH group and non-UPH group, and the general data (age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, body mass index [BMI], preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative albumin, and basal body temperature), surgical data (operation mode, type of nerve block, anesthesia time, surgical time, artificial pneumoperitoneum time, postoperative body temperature, postoperative complications, and in-hospital outcomes), and perioperative fluid management data (crystal fluid, colloid fluid, red blood cell suspension, fresh frozen plasma, blood loss, and urine volume) were compared. Logistic regression was used to construct a UPH prediction model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curves were drawn to evaluate the effectiveness of the model in predicting UPH, and a nomograph model was established. Results A total of 246 patients were enrolled, of whom 117 (47.6%) developed UPH. There were significant differences in BMI (P=0.047), preoperative plasma albumin (P=0.038), postoperative pulmonary complications (P=0.039), non-pulmonary postoperative infection (P=0.018), total length of stay (P=0.001), operation mode (P=0.042), operation time (P=0.038), intraoperative of artificial pneumoperitoneum time (P=0.004), type of nerve block (P=0.004) and postoperative body temperature (P<0.001) between the 2 groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that da Vinci robot-assisted surgery (odds ratio [OR]=9.369, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.528-34.717, P=0.001), BMI (OR=0.787, 95% CI 0.687-0.902, P=0.001), operation time (OR=0.040, 95% CI 0.009-0.183, P<0.001), artificial pneumoperitoneum time (OR=15.608, 95% CI 3.814-63.870, P<0.001), fluid infusion rate (OR=0.808, 95% CI 0.706-0.924, P=0.002), total fluid infusion (OR=3.431, 95% CI 1.480-7.956, P=0.004) and the type of nerve block (OR=0.240, 95% CI 0.131-0.443, P<0.001) were independently correlated with the development of UPH. The area under curve value of the ROC curve was 0.739, with a sensitivity of 0.778 and a specificity of 0.628 for predicting UPH. The decision curve analysis results indicated that the predictive model had good clinical net benefits. Conclusion Low BMI, slow fluid infusion rate, large total fluid infusion volume, paravertebral blockade, pancreaticoduodenectomy, long operation time, and long artificial pneumoperitoneum time were the risk factors of UPH in patients undergoing da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic radical surgery for pancreatic cancer. The risk prediction model constructed according to the above factors has good effect.