Keeping the balance of autonomic nervous system function is essential to maintain the physiologic function of human body, and the circadian rhythm system is involved in the regulation of autonomic nervous system function. Circadian disruption can increase sympathetic nervous activity and decrease vagus nerve activity, thus promoting the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism of autonomic nervous function imbalance caused by circadian disruption is not clear. Based on the influence of circadian rhythm on autonomic nervous function, this paper aims to clarify the possible mechanism of autonomic nervous function imbalance caused by circadian disruption, and summarizes the prevention and treatment measures such as melatonin treatment, light regulation, exercise therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, etc.