Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of quality of life of stroke patients, and to analyze the mediating effect of disease perception between family health and quality of life. Methods From May to Jun. 2023, 191 stroke patients who were admitted to Neurovascular Center of our hospital were enrolled by convenience sampling method. General data questionnaire, EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire, Chinese version of family health scale and brief illness perception questionnaire were used to investigate the general information, quality of life, family health and disease perception, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of quality of life of stroke patients. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationships between family health, disease perception and quality of life. SPSS 25.0 software macro program Process Model4 was used to conduct mediation model test. Results The quality of life score of the stroke patients was 0.72±0.31, the family health score was 36.73±6.75, and the disease perception score was 49.99±13.17. Family health was positively correlated with quality of life and was negatively correlated with disease perception, and quality of life was negatively correlated with disease perception. The results of multiple linear regression showed that age, occupation, marital status, number of siblings, family health, and disease perception were the influencing factors of quality of life of stroke patients, and together accounted for 47.9 % of the variation. The results of mediation model test showed that disease perception played a partial mediating role between family health and quality of life. Conclusion The quality of life of stroke patients is at a general level, and disease perception plays a mediating role between family health and quality of life. Reducing the negative disease cognition of stroke patients and giving play to the collaborative support of family might be conducive to improving their quality of life.