Objective To compare the anti-G constitution between the graduates of teenagers aviation school of air force (TASAF) and general high school, explore the results of anti-G constitution training project in TASAF, and provide an evidence for training program optimization. Methods A total of 160 senior students in TASAF and 191 general high school graduates who participated in the 2022 final-stage medical selection of PLA air force were randomly enrolled. The students in TASAF received special anti-G constitution training at the high school stage according to the established training program, and the physical exercise of general high school graduates was collected through questionnaires. The body dimensions, body weight, body composition, and muscle strength were collected and compared. WHO standard was used to categorize body fat percentage (BFP) into 3 grades: low (＜15%), normal (15%-20%), and high (＞20%), the interquartile method was used to categorize skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) into 3 grades: low (SMI≤lower quartile), moderate (lower quartile＜SMI＜upper quartile), and high (SMI≥upper quartile), and the classification statistics was done for the graduates of the TASAF and general high school. Correlation analysis was used to analyze BFP, SMI and anti-G strength of all study participants. Results The height, limb length, calm chest circumference, and body weight of the TASAF participants were significantly higher than those of the general high school students (all P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in sitting height between them (P＞0.05). The SMI of the TASAF participants was significantly higher than that of the general high school students (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in BFP between them (P＞0.05). The mean/peak back muscle strength and lower limb muscle strength of the TASAF participants were significantly higher than those of the general high school students (all P＜0.05). There was difference in the distribution of SMI between the TASAF and general high school graduates, with a higher percentage of high SMI and a lower percentage of low SMI in the TASAF graduates (P＜0.01), while there was no significant difference in the distribution of BFP between the TASAF and general high school graduates (P＞0.05). SMI was significantly positively correlated with anti-G strength (peak back muscle strength, mean back muscle strength, peak lower limb muscle strength, mean lower limb muscle strength) (r＝0.32-0.39, all P＜0.05), while BFP was not significantly correlated with anti-G strength (r＝－0.06-0.01, all P＞0.05). Conclusion Anti-G constitution training project in the TASAF is effective in improving muscle strength related to anti-G constitution. However, there is still room for improvement in the control of BFP, and in the future anti-G training should take into account both muscle training and body fat control.