Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive impairment of cognition, emotion, language, and memory. Existing treatments for AD are mainly pharmacological treatments, but they can only improve patients’ clinical symptoms and cannot effectively slow down the progression of the disease. Therefore, finding effective treatments for AD is urgent. Research has confirmed that gene mutation and family inheritance are closely related to the development and progression of AD, and gene therapy has made some progress in animal models of AD. Common drugs and some small molecule drugs are often unable to enter the brain through the blood-brain barrier, while nanocarriers can solve this problem through immune escape or other methods. In this paper, we review the gene therapy strategies related to AD and summarize the existing gene therapy and nanomedicine combination of AD therapeutic theories, so as to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of AD.