Objective To explore the sleep status and its influencing factors of individuals working on islands, and to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 897 individuals on islands were surveyed with general information questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21), simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), and Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). The correlations among PSQI, DASS-21, SCSQ and CD-RISC scores were tested by Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses. The PSQI score＞7 was considered as sleep disorder. The general data and DASS-21, SCSQ and CD-RISC scores were compared between sleep disorder group and non-sleep disorder group. The influencing factors of sleep quality were explored by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The PSQI score of the individuals was 8.0 (6.0, 10.0). There were 512 (57.08%) individuals in the sleep disorder group, and 385 (42.92%) in the non-sleep disorder group. There were significant differences in gender, age, marital status, whether experienced major upheavals during growth, and DASS-21, SCSQ and CD-RISC scores between the sleep disorder group and non-sleep disorder group (all P＜0.05). PSQI score was positively correlated with DASS-21 score and negative coping style score of SCSQ (both P＜0.01), while negatively correlated with positive coping style score of SCSQ and CD-RISC score (both P＜0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that DASS-21 score (P＜0.001), SCSQ positive coping style score (P＝0.017) and negative coping style score (P＝0.005) were the independent influencing factors for sleep quality of the individuals working on islands. Conclusion Sleep quality of individuals working on islands is poor. Emotional state and coping style are the independent influencing factors of sleep quality.