The brain has been considered to be completely isolated from the peripheral lymphatic system due to lack of conventional lymphatic structures. However, with the discoveries of perivascular spaces, glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels, the brain has been recognized to have its own unique lymphatic drainage pathway connected with peripheral lymphatic system. Traumatic brain injury, as one of diseases influencing the treatment outcomes of neurosurgery, has not been reasonably explained for its long term neurodegenerative symptoms such as memory decline and cognitive dysfunction after injury. With the deepening of research, it has been found that the perivascular spaces, glymphatic system, and meningeal lymphatic vessels are all damaged to a certain extent after traumatic brain injury, leading to a decline in the function of intracranial lymphatic system and a large accumulation of metabolites in brain tissue, thereby affecting neurological function and resulting in neurodegenerative symptoms.