Objective To understand the epidemic status of biological stings on an island and the knowledge about environmental emergencies of personnel stationed on the island. Methods With convenience sampling, we investigated 270 personnel using a self-designed anonymous questionnaire based on clinical treatment situation and on-the-spot investigation of the island. Results A total of 270 questionnaires were distributed, and 254 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective rate of 94.07%. A total of 164 (64.57%) personnel had a history of stings, with median times of 2 (0, 5). The main clinical symptoms were local swelling and pain (142 cases, 86.59%) and pruritus (110 cases, 67.07%). The personnel scored 14 (11, 17) for the first aid knowledge about island environmental emergencies (the full score was 26). The vast majority of personnel (227 cases, 89.37%) believed that it was necessary to learn the knowledge about island environmental emergencies, and the majority of personnel (186 cases, 73.23%) hoped to learn through centralized teaching. Conclusion The environmental emergencies represented by biological stings are becoming increasingly serious, so it is necessary to carry out multiple prevention and environmental control measures, and to carry out regular and long-term training for personnel stationed on islands.