With the intelligent development of multimodal medical imaging technology, ultrasound and other diagnostic imaging techniques are increasingly used for quantitative structural and functional assessment of diffuse thyroid diseases. In this paper, the research status and progress of ultrasound imaging quantitative diagnostic techniques for diffuse thyroid lesions were reviewed, including conventional ultrasound techniques (such as 2-dimensional gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound), new ultrasound techniques (such as superb microvascular imaging, 3-dimensional ultrasound, ultrasound elastography, and contrast enhanced ultrasound), and other diagnostic imaging techniques (such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radionuclide imaging). By combining multimodal ultrasound imaging techniques, the limitations of single diagnostic means can be overcome, and the quantitative assessment of the structure and function of diffuse thyroid diseases can reduce the limitations of previous subjective and qualitative diagnoses. Comprehensive analysis and quantitative diagnosis of diffuse thyroid diseases can guide the individualized clinical diagnosis and treatment.