Objective To analyze the prevalence and related risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Methods Clinical data of 1 537 elderly people (aged≥60 years old) in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area, Shanghai from Aug. 2019 to Sep. 2022 were collected. Demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, etc.), family history of dementia, cerebrovascular history, and hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging data were collected, and the MCI was tested by the simple mental state scale (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). According to the clinical diagnostic criteria of MCI, the subjects were divided into MCI group and non-MCI group. The clinical data were compared between the 2 groups, and the independent risk factors of MCI were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 1 537 subjects, 226 cases (14.70%) were MCI patients and 1 311 cases (85.30%) were non-MCI individuals. Among the 226 patients with MCI, 138 had single domain amnestic MCI, 33 had multiple domain amnestic MCI, 11 had single domain non-amnestic MCI, and 7 had multiple domain non-amnestic MCI. The proportions of male, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, family history of dementia and cerebrovascular disease in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the non-MCI group (all P＜0.05), and the hippocampal atrophy was significantly higher than that in the non-MCI group (P＜0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of dementia, cerebrovascular history and hippocampal atrophy were independent risk factors for MCI in the elderly (all P＜0.05). Totally 214 patients with MCI were followed up to Feb. 2023, of which 20 cases (9.35%) were diagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease and 4 cases (1.87%) as Lewy bodies dementia. Conclusion The prevalence of MCI in the elderly in Zhoukanghang region of Pudong New Area, Shanghai is 14.70%. Family history of dementia, cerebrovascular disease and hippocampal atrophy are independent factors for MCI in the elderly.