Objective To explore the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and psychological stress before parachuting training among parachuting trainees and the mediating role of resilience between them. Methods Anxiety sensitivity index scale (version 3), resilience scale, psychological stress self-evaluation test and self-compiled general information questionnaire were employed for 258 parachuting trainees before training. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations among anxiety sensitivity, resilience and psychological stress. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with anxiety sensitivity and resilience as independent variables and psychological stress as dependent variable to explore the relationships among these 3 factors. The mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and psychological stress was examined using the Hayes Process macro program and bias corrected non-parametric percentile Bootstrap method. Results Before parachuting training, the prevalence of psychological stress among parachuting trainees was 5.0% (13/258). The correlations between anxiety sensitivity, resilience and psychological stress were significant (all P＜0.01). Anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with psychological stress among parachuting trainees (b＝0.412, t＝7.062, P＜0.01), while resilience was negatively associated with psychological stress (b＝－0.187, t＝－3.722, P＜0.01). Anxiety sensitivity and resilience were found to explain 31.4% of the total variance. Resilience partially mediated the effect of anxiety sensitivity on psychological stress, accounting for 20.48% of the total effect. Conclusion Parachuting trainees are at a relatively low stress level, with good psychological adaptation. Resilience plays a partial mediating role in the association between anxiety sensitivity and psychological stress. More attention should be paid to parachuting trainees with high anxiety sensitivity, enhancing their resilience, and reducing psychological stress before parachuting training.