Objective To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of a child with Angelman syndrome (AS) complicated with moderate scoliosis undergoing posterior 3-dimensional osteotomy correction, fusion, and internal fixation under general anesthesia. Methods The clinical data of the child with AS and moderate scoliosis who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital on Aug. 4, 2023, were analyzed. A multidisciplinary team was established upon admission. Relevant literatures and evidences were reviewed to develop and implement a “1＋X” nursing plan, which included 2 components: “1” (core perioperative nursing priorities for scoliosis) and “X” (multiple AS-related nursing issues and corresponding strategies). Results The surgery was successful, with stable postoperative conditions and significant improvement in spinal curvature. The child’s height increased by 7 cm. Discharge occurred on postoperative day 10, with 100% follow-up compliance. The child regained preoperative independent walking ability during follow-up. Conclusion The “1＋X” nursing protocol for AS complicated with scoliosis can effectively ensure perioperative safety and promote recovery, which providing insights for perioperative nursing care of other rare diseases complicated with scoliosis.