Intestinal stem cells (ISCs), locating at the base of intestinal crypts and pivotal in orchestrating the homeostasis and damage repair of the intestinal epithelium, are characterized by their self-renewal and multipotential differentiation capabilities. With the continuous discoveries of new ISCs and related markers, the ISC migration and regeneration model has been further improved, greatly promoting the research in related fields. Diet can regulate ISC glycolipid and energy metabolism through influencing the stem cell niche, subsequently modulating overall metabolism. This paper summarizes the biological features of both classical and newly discovered ISCs, and analyzes the effects of common nutrients and different dietary patterns on ISCs, hoping to provide insights for the precise nutrition prevention and treatment of chronic intestinal diseases.