Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex and not fully understood pathogenesis. Recent research has revealed that abnormalities in lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. This review aims to explore the modulatory effects of lipid metabolism on inflammatory responses and their subsequent influence on the pathological processes of Alzheimer’s disease from the aspects of the relationship between dysregulated lipid metabolism, increased inflammatory responses, and Alzheimer’s disease, the regulatory effects of lipid mediators, and the role of microglia in these processes.