Objective To study the oral health status of officers and soldiers in a certain unit, so as to provide a basis for the formulation and implementation of oral health support plans. Methods A total of 437 officers and soldiers in a certain unit were enrolled to assess their oral health status through questionnaire survey and clinical examination. Results The prevalences of dental caries and periodontal diseases were 87.6% (383/437) and 90.4% (395/437), respectively; the detection rates of impacted third molars, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, other mucosal diseases, and temporomandibular joint disorders were 12.6% (55/437), 54.2% (237/437), 29.5% (129/437), and 19.2% (84/437), respectively. In terms of oral medical needs, 23.3% (102/437) patients did not need treatment, 66.1% (289/437) required elective treatment, 9.2% (40/437) required early treatment, and 1.4% (6/437) required urgent treatment. Conclusion Officers and soldiers in this study have a variety of oral diseases, with periodontal diseases having the highest prevalence. Supportting plans should be formulated based on the characteristics of the prevalence of oral diseases among them, and regular oral diagnosis and treatment should be carried out to prevent the development and progression of oral diseases.