Interventional pulmonology is a new subdiscipline of respiratory disease diagnosis and treatment by various interventional means. In recent years, a variety of new ideas, new methods and new technologies for interventional diagnosis and treatment continue to emerge, and interventional pulmonology has become an indispensable diagnosis and treatment technology for respiratory diseases. Respiratory and critical care medicine is a traditional respiratory subdiscipline that provides airway management, mechanical ventilation, and other respiratory support for critically ill patients. It provides emergency treatment and improves survival rate and quality of life. Interventional pulmonology can provide rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment through high-definition imaging, precise positioning and minimally invasive operations. Respiratory and critical care medicine also uses oxygen therapy support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation assistance, and other respiratory and critical care techniques to create the necessary conditions for respiratory interventional treatment. In the development of pulmonary and critical care medicine, interventional pulmonology and respiratory and critical care medicine are 2 complementary pulmonary subspecialties, which provide not only basic support for the development of other pulmonary subspecialties, but also important components and indispensable support for the rescue of war wounds. The integration of them has become the only way for respiratory and critical care medicine.