Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative vascular disease occurring in the lower segment of the aortic diaphragm, mainly manifested by irreversible dilatation of the entire artery, preferably in the elderly population. The pathogenesis of AAA is complex and involves multiple factors, with genetic variations and immune imbalances playing important roles. Its pathological changes mainly include inflammatory cell infiltration, degradation of stromal elastin, and smooth muscle cell death. Rupture of AAA is the most dangerous complication, with a high mortality. Surgery remains the only effective intervention, but carries certain risks and postoperative complications. Early intervention for small abdominal aortic aneurysms to slow down aneurysm expansion and achieve long-term survival is currently a focus of drug and technology research. This article reviews the pathogenesis of AAA and its intervention strategies, and summarizes the research on existing drugs and the use of new targets and technologies, so as to provide insights for better understanding and treatment of AAA.