Objective:To study the tissue feature and chemical components contents of various organs in different cultivated populations of safflower. Methods: Based on the cultivation of 4 populations of safflower, routine slices of paraffin wax was made for micro-observation, the contents of chemical components of different populations and organs were determined by UV, HPLC. Results: The tissue features of different organs of safflower were described. The contents of chemical compounds among various organs in the same population and among different populations in the same organ were different significantly (P<0.01).The content of safflower yellow in flower of 4 populations were 18.78%？36.04%,which were higher than that in root, stem and leaf（P<0.01）. The contents among different populations from high to low were Weishan population, Jianyang population, Xinxiang population and Jimusaer population（P<0.01）. The content of adenosine in leaf of 4 populations were 461.30-2 518.20 μg/g, which were higher than that in root, stem and flower（P<0.01）. The contents among different populations from high to low were Jimusaer population, Jianyang population, Xinxiang population and Weishan population（P<0.01）. Conclusion: The tissue features and the contents of chemical compounds among 4 populations are different significantly. The main organ for accumulating safflower yellow is the flower. It is in Weishan population that the content of safflower yellow is the highest. The main organ for accumulating adenosine is the leaf, and the content in it is as 5.5-12.7 times as higher than that in flower. It is in Jimusaer population that the content of adenosine is the highest. The utilization of the resources of safflower leaf should be noticed.