Bronchial asthma (hereinafter referred to as asthma) is a common chronic respiratory disease with significant gender differences. Epidemiologic surveys show that both the incidence and severity of asthma are significantly higher in adult females than in males. It is now believed that gender differences in asthma may be related to sex hormones, and the airway effects of estrogen and progesterone on asthma pathophysiology have been extensively studied. However, the mechanism of androgens in asthma is not clear. In recent years, some new studies have found that androgens and androgen receptors can exert anti-inflammatory effects in asthma through immune cells; moreover, they can also decrease airway hyperresponsiveness, relax airway smooth muscle, and improve lung function. This article reviews the progress of androgens and androgen receptors in asthma to deepen our understanding of the relationship between sex hormones and asthma, providing more options for future asthma treatment.