Objective To investigate the detection rate and related influencing factors of gastrointestinal diseases in grass-roots personnel. Methods A total of 481 grass-roots personnel were enrolled and examined by magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE). Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of gastrointestinal diseases detected by MCCE. Results All personnel completed MCCE, and gastrointestinal diseases were detected in 154 (32.0%) cases, including 106 cases of erosive gastritis, 25 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis, 17 cases of digestive tract polyp, 16 cases of gastric ulcer, 5 cases of reflux esophagitis, 4 cases of cardia, 1 case of duodenitis, and 1 case of enteritis. Gastrointestinal diseases was correlated with special operation posts, long-term tasks within recent 6 months, abdominal distension, belching, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms (all P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of gastrointestinal diseases were working in special operation posts, performing long tasks within 6 months, belching, nausea and vomiting symptoms (all P＜0.05). Conclusion The overall detection rate of gastrointestinal diseases (mainly acid related diseases) is relatively high, and its incidence is closely related to working in special operation posts and performing long-term tasks within recent 6 months. Personnel working in special operation posts should be more alert to gastrointestinal diseases. Gastrointestinal symptoms have reference value for the prediction of lesions, but more attention should be paid to the identification of functional gastrointestinal diseases with endoscopy.