Objective：To establish a human lung squamous carcinoma cell line and to study its biological characteristics．Methods: Lung squamous carcinoma specimens were freshly resected during operation; the tissues were incubated in vitro and the cell line was named CHLH-1. The biological characteristics of the cells were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, chromosome analysis and transplantation experiment. Results: Cells from the specimens of the primary tumor, the CHLC-1 cell line and the cells from transplanted tumor possessed the characteristics of malignant squamous epithelium under light and electron microscope. The cell growth curve, doubling time and mitotic index were also observed in vitro. Nuclear chromosome analysis revealed that the tumor was a subtriploid with a mode of 60-68 per cell. Tumor nodes were observed under the skin of nude mice by heterogenic transplantation. Conclusion: The characteristics of the established cell line suggest that it is a newly established human squamous carcinoma cell line．