Objective:To summarize our experience on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary retroperitoneal tumor(PRPT).Methods: The clinical data of 315 patients with primary retroperitoneal tumor (from Jan. 2000 to Jun. 2008) were retrospectively analyzed,and the clinical experience on diagnosis and treatment was summarized.Results: The ratio of benign to malignant tumors in our group was 0.55∶1.Totally 294 patients received operation,including 161 cases of radical resection,69 cases of combined resection,and 64 partial palliative resection. Twenty-one patients received no operation. The prognoses of patients who received radical resection for malignant tumors were significantly improved compared with those of patients who received partial palliative resection (P<0.05).Conclusion: Imaging diagnosis can effectively identify PRPT. Complete resection is the key for treatment of PRPT,and reoperation is an effective treatment for recurrent PRPT.