\[Abstract\]ObjectiveTo explore the association of survivin gene with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Han nationality in east China. MethodsA case-control study was designed, which included 176 HCC cases and 196 healthy controls, all from Haimen city of Jiangsu province. The rs1042489 and rs9904341 loci of survivin gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, and the association of the genotypes and haplotypes of the two loci with HCC was analyzed under different genetic models. ResultsUnivariate analysis showed no significant difference in the genotypes or allele distribution between HCC case group and the control group under different genetic models in either rs9904341 or rs1042489 loci (P>0.05). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that the two loci were in LD (χ2=4.777,P=0.03), with the D’ value being 0.188 and 0.183 in the case and control group, respectively. The recessive genetic model was found to be the optimal model by multivariate Logistic regression, according to the lowest value of Akaike’s information criteria (AIC). With no rs9904341C-rs1042489T (C-T) haplotype as reference, it was found that the haplotype of C-T from the two loci was associated with a lower risk for HCC under the recessive genetic model, with the factors such as alcohol drinking and HBV infection controlled (OR=0.48, P=0.04), and no other haplotypes were found associated with HCC. Multivariate analysis showed that HBsAg+ and hepatitis B were the risk factors for HCC, but without haplotype-environment interaction. ConclusionNo association has been found for rs9904341 or rs1042489 in survivin gene with HCC in Han nationality in east China, and rs9904341C-rs1042489T might be a protective haplotype for HCC.