Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is the most undoubted growth factors in the induction of Osteogenesis. They firstly combine to the cell surface receptors of target cells, and then activate a series of intracellular Smad proteins. Mediated by Smad proteins, the signals are conducted into the nucleus and then start the osteogenic gene expression under a series of cofactors. The endogenous Smurf1 plays an inhibitory effect on this whole process. In this paper, based on the latest developments at home and abroad, we reviewed the effect of Smurf1 in the bone morphogenetic protein-induced bone formation.