Objective To investigate a new method for creating experimental model of noninvasive fungal sinusitis in rabbits. MethodsTwenty-five New Zealand white rabbits(50 sides)were divided into seven groups: control group (n=6 sides),sham-operation group (n=6 sides),mucosal-scratched group (n=6 sides),ostia-blocked group(n=6 sides), Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated group(n=8 sides), mucosal-scratched plus Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated group(n=9 sides),and ostia-blocked plus Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated group(n=9 sides).The experiment was divided according to whether the maxillary sinus mucosa was wounded or not and whether the natural ostia were blocked or not. On days 14 and 28 after Aspergillus fumigatus inoculation, histopathologic and mycological examinations of both maxillary cavities and mucous membrane were performed to confirm the establishment of the model. ResultsAspergillus fumigatus plus ostial obstruction group had a positive rate of 88.9% (8/9 sides) on day 14 and 77.8% (7/9 sides) on day 28 in fungal culture. Aspergillus fumigatus plus mucosa wound yielded a positive rate of 44.4%(4/9 sides) on day 14 and 22.2%(2/9 sides) on day 28. ConclusionAspergillus fumigatus inoculation combined with an blocked ostium can be used to establish experimental model of noninvasive maxillary fungal sinusitis.