| 摘要: |
| 目的研究不同浓度盐酸吗啡和不同温度对石家庄地区优势蝇种肥须亚麻蝇(Parasarcophaga crassipalpis)幼虫头咽骨的影响,积累石家庄地区尸源性蝇类的法医昆虫毒理学资料,从而为死后间隔时间(postmortem interval,PMI)的推断提供科学依据。方法诱捕肥须亚麻蝇,并在培养箱中连续培养。选用家兔4只,其中1只经耳缘静脉注射生理盐水(对照),另3只分别给予0.5、1、2倍致死剂量盐酸吗啡经耳缘静脉注射。分别在24℃、28℃、32℃恒温条件下用新鲜猪肝诱导成蝇产幼虫并移至家兔肌肉组织上饲养。每隔12 h留取幼虫标本一次直至达到离食期。将幼虫烫死并保存。体视显微镜下分离出幼虫的头节,然后将头咽骨进行对称分离,光学显微镜下观察、拍照。利用计算机图像分析系统对头咽骨的口钩及咽骨面积、骨化面积和平均光密度等指标进行测定。结果(1)随着盐酸吗啡浓度和温度的增高,肥须亚麻蝇幼虫的生长速度均在一定程度上加快。(2)随着时间的延长,幼虫头咽骨的颜色从浅棕黄色逐渐加深直至变为黑褐色,同时,骨化程度逐渐加强,骨化面积不断加大,并在三龄期出现点状的附口骨。(3)幼虫口钩和咽骨面积均随时间的延长不断增加,在叠龄期时变化较剧烈,直至进入三龄期后很快达到最大值,并进入平台期,维持基本恒定。(4)幼虫口钩的骨化面积和平均光密度及咽骨的骨化面积和平均光密度在3个龄期中均随时间的延长而逐渐增高,直至三龄期结束。口钩和咽骨的骨化面积和平均光密度达到最大值的时间明显滞后于二者面积达到最大值的时间。结论肥须亚麻蝇幼虫的口钩骨化面积和平均光密度及咽骨的骨化面积和平均光密度均随时间的延长呈现持续性增加的趋势,并一直维持到三龄期后,此4项指标是推测PMI的理想指标。 |
| 关键词: 法医毒理学 肥须亚麻蝇 盐酸吗啡 温度 死后间隔时间 头咽骨 |
| DOI：10.3724/SP.J.1008.2012.001236 |
| 投稿时间：2012-06-14修订日期：2012-10-08 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effect of morphine hydrochloride on the larvae of Parasarcophaga crassipalpis under different temperatures and its forensic implication |
| ZHANG Nan1,LI Jia2,LIANG Jie1,NIU Xiao-li1,FENG Hui-min1,LI Ze-min2* |
(1. Xishan Campus, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
2. Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
*Corresponding author.) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To study the effects of morphine hydrochloride and temperature on the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the larvae of Parasarcophaga crassipalpis in Shijiazhuan, Hebei, so as to provide evidence for forensic toxicologic entomology of sarcosaphagous flies and inference of the postmortem interval(PMI) in Shijiazhuang. MethodsAdult Parasarcophaga crassipalpis were collected. Four domestic rabbits were used in this experiment, with one receiving normal saline (control) and the others receiving morphine hydrochloride (0.5,1.0 and 2.0 folds of lethal doses) via ear vein injection. Then the rabbits were hit on the head and the muscle was marked with M0, M1, M2 and M3; then the larvae were transferred to the muscle sites at 24℃, 28℃ and 32℃. When larvae were laid, 10 of them were randomly sampled from each group at 12 h intervals until the beginning of the prepuparial stage. The larvae were collected every 12 h, fixed with boiling water, and stored as specimen. The scolex of the larvae was sparated and then the cephalopharyngeal skeleton was separated symmetrically, observed and photographed. Finally the indices, including the areas of different parts of cephalopharyngeal skeleton, sclerotized area, and average optical density were determined using digital image processing equipment. Results (1) The larvae of Parasarcophaga crassipalpis grew faster with the increase of morphine hydrochloride concentration and the temperature.(2)The color of the cephalophargngeal skeleton of the larvae changed from yellow to dark brown as time went by. Meanwhile, the degree and range of chitinazation were increased, accompanied by increase of the sclerotized area. The attached larval mouth (shaped like a dot) could be observed during the third age. (3) The areas of the larval mouth hook and the larval pharyngeal sclerite increased with time. Especially, remarkable changes were observed during the fold period, and the changes reached their maximum in the third age, and then remained basically unchanged. (4) The sclerotized areas and the average optical densities of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton kept an increasing tendency till the end of the third age. The periods needed for reaching the maximal optical density and sclerotized area were greatly longer than that needed for reaching the maximal area of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Conclusion The sclerotized area and the average optical density of the mouth hook and the pharyngeal sclerite of the larvae of Parasarcophaga crassipalpis keep increasing till the end of the third stage, and they are ideal indices for deducing PMI. |
| Key words: forensic toxicology Parasarcophaga crassipalpis morphine temperature postmortem interval cephalophsryngeal skeleton |
