Objective To fabricate nano-hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA)/poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with the selective laser sintering (SLS) technique and to study the mechanical strength, biocompatibility and bioactivity of the prepared scaffolds. Methods Nano-HA and PCL powders with Nano-HA weight ratio accounting for 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% were mixed, and PCL and Nano-HA/PCL scaffolds (5%, 10% and 15%) were fabricated using SLS technique. The porosity and mechanical strength of scaffolds were determined. Isolated rabbit bone marrow stromal cells were seeded onto the Nano-HA/PCL or PCL scaffolds and cultured in vitro. Cell adhesion and proliferation were observed. The osteogenesis for pure PCL and nano-HA/PCL scaffolds were compared by detecting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and Alizarin Red S staining. Results Both the pure PCL and Nano-HA/PCL composite scaffolds showed good mechanical strength and cell adhesion without obvious cell toxicity. The expression of ALP in all groups showed no significant difference on the first day of seeding, but with the extension of culture time, ALP expression in Nano-HA/PCL group was significantly increased compared with PCL group and blank group( P <0.05). The expression of ALP increased with the increase of Nano-HA ratio( P <0.05). The positive intensity of Alizarin Red S staining in Nano-HA/PCL group was higher than those in PCL group and blank group; moreover, the number of calcium nodules and positive intensity of staining were inceased with the increase of nano-HA the ratio. Conclusion The nano-HA/PCL composite scaffold fabricated with SLS technique in the present study has good mechanical strength, biocompatibility and osteoinduction, and it may serve as an alternative material for bone repair.