Objective To analyze the prognostic factors influencing the survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after radical excision. Methods The clinical data of ICC patients who were treated with radical excision from March 2009 to March 2014 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 32 clinical or laboratory findings were selected, and the risk factors influencing the survival of ICC patients after radical excision were analyzed by univariate analysis and Cox regression model. Results Ultimately 189 patients were included in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, number of intrahepatic tumors, lymph node metastasis, pre-operation serum CA19-9 and γ-glutamyl transferase levels, one-day postoperative total bilirubin and five-day postoperative alanine aminotransferase levels were the independent prognostic factors for the survival of ICC patients after radical excision (P<0.05). Conclusion The one-day postoperative total bilirubin and five-day postoperative alanine aminotransferase may be used to predict the prognosis of ICC patient after radical resection. Preoperative and postoperative liver supporting treatment, minimizing liver trauma during operation, and improving the nutritional status can improve the prognosis of ICC patients.