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| 舰船多舱室爆炸致比格犬颅脑爆震伤模型建立及伤情分析 |
| 刘邦鑫,程岗,刘帅,李彦腾,王淑为,魏铂沅,王娟,张剑宁* |
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(第二军医大学海军临床医学院, 海军总医院神经外科, 北京 100048
*通信作者) |
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| 摘要: |
| 目的 模拟舰船内爆炸后生物体的损伤情况，探索典型多舱室内爆炸后比格犬在爆炸冲击波、准静态压力作用下的颅脑损伤伤情特点。方法 在等比例舰艇舱室模型中，使用0.65 kg TNT裸药模拟舰船内爆炸，其中炸药安放舱为当舱，相邻舱室为邻舱。采用压力传感器测定冲击波物理参数。将24只比格犬随机分为2组，每组12只，分别置于当舱和邻舱中接受爆炸损伤。观察爆炸后犬存活情况、基本生命体征变化、神经功能评分以及颅脑大体和形态学改变。结果 爆炸后舱室内会出现两次较大的反射冲击波，邻舱的冲击波压力峰值约为当舱的0.39倍。比格犬在爆炸后即刻死亡7只，24 h内死亡4只，死亡率为45.83%（11/24），其中当舱动物死亡率为66.67%（8/12），邻舱动物死亡率为25.0%（3/12）。存活比格犬的基本生命体征和神经功能在爆后即刻有较大的改变，24 h后基本恢复。即刻死亡的比格犬脑组织有明显的挫裂伤，爆炸后24 h内死亡的比格犬脑组织可见脑出血和脑水肿；爆炸后存活比格犬的脑组织在光镜下也可见部分形态结构和神经元结构的异常，部分神经元出现核固缩深染、核溶解或核仁消失，细胞界限模糊。结论 舰船多舱室爆炸后，当舱的冲击波压力明显高于邻舱，并且舱室内会出现二次反射冲击波，加重了对生物体的损伤；当舱比格犬的死亡率明显高于邻舱；比格犬在爆后即刻急性损伤最为严重，且脑组织有明显的病理变化。 |
| 关键词: 爆震伤 冲击波 颅脑损伤 船舶 多舱室 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.0258-879x.2017.01.0106 |
| 投稿时间：2016-09-18修订日期：2016-12-23 |
| 基金项目:全军后勤科研重大项目（AHJ14J001）. |
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| Establishment and injury analysis of Beagle dog model of blast craniocerebral injury caused by explosion in warship multiple cabins |
| LIU Bang-xin,CHENG Gang,LIU Shuai,LI Yan-teng,WANG Shu-wei,WEI Bo-yuan,WANG Juan,ZHANG Jian-ning* |
(Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Navy, Clinical College of Naval Medicine of Second Military Medical University, Beijing 100048, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To investigate the characteristics of craniocerebral injuries in the Beagle dogs caused by explosion shock wave and quasi-static pressure by simulating the condition of multiple cabins explosion in warship. Methods A total of 24 Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 12 in each group, and the Beagle dogs of 2 groups were tested in the multiple cabins with the same size of the real warship. A 0.65 kg TNT equivalent bare explosion was blasted in the cabins, which was defined as the target cabin (Ⅰgroup), and the neighboring one was defined as the adjacent cabin (Ⅱgroup). Parameters of shock waves were measured using pressure transducers. The survival status of dogs, basic vital signs, neurological function scores and the gross and morphological changes of the brains were observed after the explosion. Results There were two reflected shock waves after the explosion in the cabins, and the peak pressure of the shock wave in the adjacent cabin was about 0.39 times of that of the target cabin. Seven Beagle dogs died instantly after the explosion, and four died within 24 h. The mortality rate of the dogs was 45.83% (11/24), with that in the target cabin being 66.67% (8/12) and that in the adjacent cabin being 25.0% (3/12). The basic vital signs and neurological function of the survival dogs underwent great changes immediately after the explosion, which basically recovered after 24 h. The brain tissues of the dogs that immediately died after explosion had obvious contusions, and cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral edema were found in the dogs died within 24 h after explosion. Abnormal morphological structures and neuronal structures were also found in the brain tissues of survival Beagle dogs under light microscope, with some neurons showing nuclei condensation and deep staining, nuclear dissolution or disappearance of nucleus, and the cell borders being blurred. Conclusion In multiple cabin explosion, the peak pressure of the shock wave in the target cabin is significantly higher than that in the adjacent cabin. There are two reflected shock waves in the cabins, which increases the damage to the dogs. The mortality rate of the Beagle dogs in the target cabin is higher than that in the adjacent cabin; and the acute injuries of Beagle dogs immediately after the explosion are the most serious ones, with obvious pathological changes of the brain tissues. |
| Key words: blast injuries shock waves craniocerebral trauma ships multiple cabins |
