Sleep disorders are common in soldiers, and have always been valued by the military of all countries. There are various reasons for sleep disorders in soldiers, which are related to military activities, physical factors, and military culture. Sleep disorders in soldiers affect their physical fitness, cognitive function, and combat capability. At present, the soldiers’ sleep problems have been studied. With the deepening of research, some methods for treating military sleep have been proposed. Under the condition of insufficient sleep, the main intervention methods to maintain the combat capability of soldiers include naps, sleep reserves, stimulants or drug intervention. The military of some countries has established rules and regulations to maintain the sleep health of soldiers, inculding preventive measures, medical services, initial training and military activities. Chinese troops should also strengthen the research on military sleep and standardize the sleep behavior of soldiers, so as to better cope with the challenges of future war.