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| 某岛礁官兵耳鼻咽喉头颈部疾病的流行病学调查 |
| 段祥强1,朱敏辉1,陈行辉1,张才云1,陈世彩1,高颖娜1,鲍丽龙2,郑宏良1* |
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(1. 海军军医大学（第二军医大学）第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科, 上海 200433;
2. 海军军医大学（第二军医大学）第一附属医院输血科, 上海 200433
*通信作者) |
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| 摘要: |
| 目的 调查高温、高湿、高盐、强辐射、多台风环境下守礁官兵耳鼻咽喉头颈部疾病的流行病学特征，分析病因，为针对性制订科学合理的卫勤保障方案提供依据。方法 调查2018年6月至2020年6月某岛礁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊所有就诊官兵的就诊信息，记录性别、年龄、主诉、病情概要、就诊时间及诊断结果等资料，按耳部、鼻部、咽部、喉部及头颈部疾病进行分类，统计各个部位所见疾病及构成比。结果 某岛礁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊共1 748例次就诊，占岛礁医院总就诊例次的3.79%（1 748/46 121）。在1 748例次就诊记录中，耳部疾病占27.86%（487/1 748），诊断疾病24种，最常见的为急性外耳道炎（100例次，20.53%），其次为慢性外耳道炎（70例次，14.37%）、耵聍栓塞（56例次，11.50%）、耳鸣（44例次，9.03%）、真菌性外耳道炎（34例次，6.98%）等；鼻部疾病占26.26%（459/1 748），诊断疾病14种，最常见的为慢性鼻炎（145例次，31.59%），其次为变应性鼻炎（136例次，29.63%）、鼻中隔偏曲（36例次，7.84%）、鼻出血（34例次，7.41%）、慢性鼻窦炎（33例次，7.19%）等；咽部疾病占32.32%（565/1 748），诊断疾病12种，最常见的为慢性咽炎（302例次，53.45%），其次为急性咽炎（169例次，29.91%）、急性扁桃体炎（48例次，8.50%）、慢性扁桃体炎（25例次，4.42%）、咽部异物（7例次，1.24%）等；喉部疾病占9.55%（167/1 748），诊断疾病5种，最常见的为慢性喉炎（95例次，56.89%），其次为急性喉炎（68例次，40.72%）等；头颈部疾病占2.23%（39/1 748），诊断疾病8种，最常见的为颈部淋巴结炎（18例次，46.15%），其次为颌面创伤（5例次，12.82%）、颞下颌关节紊乱综合征（5例次，12.82%）等。结论 在岛礁复杂、恶劣的环境下，守礁官兵耳鼻咽喉头颈部疾病种类繁多，病情多较复杂。 |
| 关键词: 军事人员 岛礁 耳鼻咽喉疾病 头颈部疾病 流行病学 |
| DOI：10.16781/j.CN31-2187/R.20200917 |
| 投稿时间：2020-06-27修订日期：2020-09-10 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（81570905，81970868）. |
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| Epidemic survey of otorhinolaryngology head and neck diseases among officers and soldiers stationed on an island |
| DUAN Xiang-qiang1,ZHU Min-hui1,CHEN Hang-hui1,ZHANG Cai-yun1,CHEN Shi-cai1,GAO Ying-na1,BAO Li-long2,ZHENG Hong-liang1* |
(1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China;
2. Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
*Corresponding author) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of otorhinolaryngology head and neck diseases under the environment of high temperature, high humidity, high salinity, intense radiation and more typhoons among officers and soldiers stationed on an island, analyze their pathogenesis, so as to provide reference for establishing a scientific and reasonable medical support program. Methods The clinical information of officers and soldiers in outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery from Jun. 2018 to Jun. 2020 was collected, including gender, age, chief complaint, illness profile, visit time, and diagnosis. Diagnostic classification abiding by ear, nose, pharynx, larynx, head and neck was made. Each diagnosis and its corresponding constituent ratio were calculated. Results The outpatient department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery totally received 1 748 visits, which accounted for 3.79% (1 748/46 121) visits of the island hospital. Ear diseases accounted for 27.86% (487/1 748), with 24 kinds of diagnosis, and the highest incidence of the diagnosis was acute otitis externa (n=100, 20.53%), followed by chronic otitis externa (n=70, 14.37%), impacted cerumen (n=56, 11.50%), tinnitus (n=44, 9.03%), otitis externa mycotica (n=34, 6.98%), etc. Nasal diseases accounted for 26.26% (459/1 748), with 14 kinds of diagnosis, and the highest incidence of the diagnosis was chronic rhinitis (n=145, 31.59%), followed by allergic rhinitis (n=136, 29.63%), deviation of nasal septum (n=36, 7.84%), epistaxis (n=34, 7.41%), chronic rhinosinusitis (n=33, 7.19%), etc. Pharyngeal diseases accounted for 32.32% (565/1 748), with 12 kinds of diagnosis, and the highest incidence of the diagnosis was chronic pharyngitis (n=302, 53.45%), followed by acute pharyngitis (n=169, 29.91%), acute tonsillitis (n=48, 8.50%), chronic tonsillitis (n=25, 4.42%), pharyngeal foreign body (n=7, 1.24%), etc. Laryngeal diseases accounted for 9.55% (167/1 748), with 5 kinds of diagnosis, and the highest incidence of diagnosis was chronic laryngitis (n=95, 56.89%), followed by acute laryngitis (n=68, 40.72%), etc. Head and neck diseases accounted for 2.23% (39/1 748), with 8 kinds of diagnosis, and the highest incidence of diagnosis was cervical lymphadenitis (n=18, 46.15%), followed by maxillofacial trauma (n=5, 12.82%), temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome (n=5, 12.82%), etc. Conclusion Under the complex and hostile environment, there are many kinds of otorhinolaryngology head and neck diseases among officers and solders stationed on an island, and most of the diseases are complicated. |
| Key words: military personnel island otorhinolaryngologic diseases head and neck diseases epidemiology |
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