Objective To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of 10 active ingredients (adenosine, cordycepin, rutin, ononin, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, calycosin, ganoderic acid A, and baohuosideⅠ) in Xianrengu oral liquid. Methods A Dikma Diamonsil Plus C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile (A) -0.1% glacial acetic acid (B) (0-3 min, 2%-5% A; 4-7 min, 5% A; 8-17 min, 5%-20% A; 18-21 min, 20%-30% A; 22-38 min, 30% A; 39-48 min, 30%-90% A). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 30℃, the detection wavelength was 270 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μL. Results As for the analytes, the linear range of the calibration curve was 0.250-16.0 μg/mL for adenosine, 6.25-400 μg/mL for cordycepin and icariin, 1.25-80.0 μg/mL for rutin, 0.500-32.0 μg/mL for ononin, 0.375-24.0 μg/mL for epimedin B, 3.12-200 μg/mL for epimedin C, 0.625-40.0 μg/mL for calycosin and ganoderic acid A, 0.125-8.00 μg/mL for baohuosideⅠ, respectively (all r>0.999). The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of precision, stability and repeatability were all less than 4%. The recovery rate was 96.32%-99.60%, which met the standard requirements in the range of 85%-115%. Conclusion The established HPLC method has the features of simplicity, accuracy and high repeatability and is applicable for simultaneous determination of 10 active ingredients in Xianrengu oral liquid, making it a method for quality control of Xianrengu oral liquid.