As a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD) is mainly used for invigorating qi and promoting blood, with the following specific functions: promoting hematopoiesis, protecting kidney tissue, regulating immunity, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-depression and so on. Relevant studies in recent 15 years on promoting hematopoietic functions by DBD have been collected in this review. The chemical components of DBD were summarized and the influences of DBD on hematopoietic system were reviewed, with focus on promoting the formation of hematopoietic stem cells and peripheral blood cells, inhibiting the senescence of hematopoietic stem cells, improving the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment, and regulating intestinal flora, immune system and extramedullary organ hematopoiesis.