Objective To evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Jinyin Lidan capsule and study its anti-inflammatory spectrum-effect relation. Methods The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model of mouse mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) was established, and the contents of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the supernatant of RAW264.7 cells were determined to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Jinyin Lidan capsule. Different compatible samples of Jinyin Lidan capsules were prepared by uniform distribution design method, their fingerprints were established by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their anti-inflammatory activity was determined. The inhibitory rates of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant were used as pharmacodynamic indexes, and the correlation between the anti-inflammatory spectrum and the common peak area was established by grey correlation analysis. Results The Jinyin Lidan capsule extract (0.25-1.00 mg/mL) reduced the secretion of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced inflammatory RAW264.7 cells. Seven chromatographic peaks were identified by reference substance comparison, and they were neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, p-hydroxyacetophenone, naringin, and neohesperidin. The analysis results of anti-inflammatory spectrum-effect relation showed that 23 common peaks had a certain degree of anti-inflammatory contribution, and the correlation degree of peak 21 (naringin) and peak 23 (neohesperidin) with the 3 cellular inflammatory indicators (NO, TNF-α, and IL-6) was greater than 0.74. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effect of Jinyin Lidan capsule is the result of the joint action of various components, and the results of our study can provide reference for the improvement of the substance basis and quality control of Jinyin Lidan capsule.