Objective To investigate the relationship between serum ferritin (SF) level and serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide new molecular markers for diagnosis and treatment of T2DM patients with hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods A total of 351 T2DM patients who were hospitalized in Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University from Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2022 were enrolled and assigned to 4 groups according to the quartile level of SF:Q1 group (SF<76.2 ng/mL, n=87), Q2 group (SF 76.2-138.9 ng/mL, n=88), Q3 group (SF 139.0-240.9 ng/mL, n=87), and Q4 group (SF ≥ 241.0 ng/mL, n=89); and the SUA levels and the prevalences of HUA in different SF level groups were compared. In addition, T2DM patients were assigned to HUA group (n=54) and non-HUA group (n=297) to compare the SF levels and prevalences of hyperferritinemia. Pearson correlation, Spearman rank correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between SF and SUA in T2DM patients. The influencing factors of HUA in T2DM patients were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results The level of SUA in the Q4 group ([344.54±105.94]μmol/L) was significantly higher than that in the Q1 group ([308.34±79.60]μmol/L, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalences of HUA between groups with different SF levels (P>0.05). The SF level in the HUA group (174.50[105.40, 295.25] ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in the non-HUA group (129.00[69.55, 226.00] ng/mL, P<0.05), and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia was higher in the HUA group (18.52%, 10/54) than in the non-HUA group (17.17%, 51/297), but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Correlation analyses indicated that SUA was positively correlated with SF (r_s=0.110, P=0.040). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated an independent positive correlation between SF and SUA in T2DM patients (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed an independent positive correlation between SF and HUA in patients with T2DM (odds ratio=1.003, P=0.023). Conclusion SF level is closely related to SUA in T2DM patients, and SF is an independent factor of HUA in T2DM patients.