Objeetive：To investigate the therapeutic effect of oat β-glucans on serum lipid levels of rats with experimental hyperlipemia. Methods： Rats were fed on high fat forage for 3 weeks to establish hyperlipemia models, then the model rats were orally given oat β-glucans at doses of 133, 266 and 533 mg/（kg · d） separately. At the same time, there were 3 control groups including chitosan ligosaccharide[200 mg/（kg · d）], normal, and high blood lipid （model rats fed with distilled water）. Serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were assayed in rats of all groups and the results were compared. Results.. β-glucans obviously decreased the levels of TC and LDL-C and increased HDL-C in rat hyperlipemia models. The reduction of serum lipid level in 4-week β-glucans treatment rats was more obvious than that in 3-week β-glucans treatment rats. Besides, β-glucans showed an obvious dosage dependent effect in reducing serum lipid level without adverse effect. Oat β-glucans had a better lipid-reducing effect than ligosaccharide did. Conclusion.. Oat β-glucans can obviously decrease serum lipid in rats with hyperlipemia.