Objective：To evaluate the resource allocation efficiency in 9 military institutes for drug and instrument control, so as to table an optimized proposal for resource allocation. Methods： Data envelopment analysis （DEA） was used to evaluate the resource allocation efficiency of the sample institutes based on data collection. Results： Of the 9 institutes, 1 was pure technical inefficient, 3 were resource disposability inefficient, and 5 were scale inefficient. An optimized resource allocation proposal was tabled to each of the 9 institutes. Conclusion： With the progress of the army＇s modernization and the deepening of reform on the army＇s establishment and structure, military institutes for drug and instrument control should adjust the resource allocation strategy for more technical and social benefit