Objective：To study the expression of F1ATPaseα in nonsmall cell lung cancer and its clinical significance. Methods: (1)The expression level of F1ATPaseα was examined by immunohistochemical Envision method in 38 NSCLC samples and the adjacent normal tissues, 7 benign tumors and chronic pneumonia samples. (2)F1ATPaseα mRNA expression were detected in 12 fresh samples of NSCLC and the adjacent normal tissues by PTPCR.(3)The expression of F1ATPaseα on the pericellular membrane of A549 cells was observed by immunofluorescence. Results: (1)Immunohistochemistry analysis showed median and higher expression of F1ATPaseα in 36 of NSCLC specimens and 11 adjacent normal tissues; lower expression was detected in all the benign samples.The overexpression of F1ATPaseα in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than that in the lung squamous cancer (P<0.05). The expression of F1ATPaseα in NSCLC was not associated with the histology type, location, differentiation degree, size, invasion and metastasis. (2) The relative level of ECTOF1ATPaseα was 0.31±0.12 in the adjacent normal tissues and 0.54±0.19 in NSCLC tissues (P<0.01). (3)The conspicuous positive expression of F1ATPaseα on the pericellular membrane of A549 cells was not observed on normal bronchial epithelial cells.Conclusion: （1）NSCLC has a higher expression of F1ATPaseα and the expression is on the pericellular membrane of A549 cells, which may provide a new target for molecular therapy of NSCLC.